Structural design is the essential step in structural design in order to build an efficient structural system to provide strength and durability, according to technical standards, with the purpose and with environmental conditions.
The structural design is based on the needs and purpose of the project, using a series of relatively simple elements to build a complex structural system. The efficiency of a structural project comes from the creative and operative use of structural and material elements and the elaboration of viable, durable and low maintenance solutions.
Structural calculations are used to determine the effects that loads have on physical structures. With this analysis, physical tests can be dispensed with to verify the suitability of a structure for a particular purpose. Concepts of applied mechanics, applied mathematics and material science are used to calculate internal forces, structure deformations, tension, stability and support reactions. Deficiencies in this stage of conception lead to mistaken and more expensive structures.
Finding the right size of the frames formed by beams and pillars that provide horizontal stability to the structure so that they have adequate rigidity in each of the main directions of action of the horizontal forces is one of the main problems to be solved since the beginning of the structural design. There are alternatives to the problem that are 5% to 20% cheaper than others, due to their mechanical efficiency; again, it is up to the structural design process to find the best solution within the scope of the project.
Detailed drawings of the structural parts and with which they connect, bills of materials and sizing through the computer are also emerging steps in structural design.